The term instrumentation amplifier (INA) often is misused, referring to the application rather than the architecture of the device. Historically, any amplifier that was considered precision (i.e., ...

The single op-amp differential amplifier shown in Figure 1 is often used as an audio balanced line receiver. Obtaining high common-mode rejection is a critical requirement that requires four ...

If we had to pick one part to crown as the universal component in the world of analogue electronics, it would have to be the operational amplifier. The humble op-amp can be configured into so many ...

In the first article about measurement systems we looked at sensors as a way to bring data into a measurement system. I explained that a sensor measures physical quantities which are turned into a ...

I have fond memories of the original Aragon 4004 power amplifier from my days when I worked as a high-end audio salesman. That was in the late 1980s and the big 200 watt amp sold for a lot less money ...

Though sometimes taken for granted, designers shouldn’t overlook the intricacies of voltage- and current-feedback op amps—integral players in the analog and mixed-signal worlds. Op amps amplify tiny ...

One of my first jobs as an engineer was at Empire Scientific Corp. in Garden City, NY in 1972. This was a high-end audio company that made speakers, turntables and phonograph cartridges. We had some ...

Fosi Audio ZH3 DAC/Headphone Amp/Preamp offers balanced outputs, ultra-low noise, high-res support, and replaceable op-amps for $199.99. Fosi Audio has officially unveiled the ZH3, an all-in-one ...

If there is a single species of audio component that has gained popularity over the past few years, it would have to be the integrated amplifier; a single box whose entrails combine a control ...

Forbes contributors publish independent expert analyses and insights. Technology journalist specializing in audio, computing and Apple Macs. The older I get, the more I appreciate listening to music ...