A plant cell wall is arranged in layers and contains cellulose microfibrils, hemicellulose, pectin, lignin, and soluble protein. These components are organized into three major layers: the primary ...

Purdue University scientists have discovered a key mechanism that regulates how plants develop chloroplasts, essential structures responsible for the photosynthesis that sustains life on Earth by ...

Major steps forward in the use of plants for renewable materials, energy and for building construction could soon arise, thanks to a key advance in understanding the structure of wood. The step ...

Essentials of Biology is a non-majors general biology course without a laboratory. The topics that will be covered include biological molecules, cell structure and function, cellular metabolism, cell ...

Nitric oxide (NO) is one of only a handful of gaseous signalling molecules. Its discovery as the endothelium-derived relaxing factor (EDRF) by Ignarro revolutionized how NO and cognate reactive ...

Scientists have discovered a novel biochemical mechanism explaining how immune proteins defend plants against invading microorganisms. Scientists from the Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding ...

Researchers have developed artificial cell-like structures using inorganic matter that autonomously ingest, process, and push out material - recreating an essential function of living cells. Their ...