Down-flow hanging sponge (DHS) reactor systems represent an innovative approach to wastewater treatment that capitalises on the use of sponge carriers to support biofilm formation and biomass ...

Wastewater discharges from publicly owned treatment works are a significant source of endocrine disruptors and other contaminants to the aquatic environment in the US. Although remaining pollutants in ...

For decades, the city of Memphis, Tennessee, didn’t disinfect its wastewater. It stopped disinfecting in the 1980s because of concerns that residual chlorine would harm aquatic life and because of the ...