A common criticism of fundamentals models is that they are extremely easy to “over-fit”—the statistical term for deriving equations that provide a close match to historical data, but break down when ...

For thousands of years, if you wanted to send a secret message, there was basically one way to do it. You’d scramble the message using a special rule, known only to you and your intended audience.

It should be clear to everyone that the Google documentation leak and the public documents from antitrust hearings do not really tell us exactly how the rankings work. The structure of organic search ...